maandag 28 juni 2010
Bloglijst
zaterdag 26 juni 2010
Economie door 10th graders
Hoe schrijven over internationale organisaties?
By reporters everywhere
An ineffectual international organisation yesterday issued a starkbwarning about a situation it has absolutely no power to change, thenlatest in a series of self-serving interventions by toothless intergovernmental bodies.“We are seriously concerned about this most serious outbreak of seriousness,” said the head of the institution, either a former minister from a developing country or a mid-level European or American bureaucrat. “This is a wake-up call to the world. They must take on board the vital message that my organisation exists.”The director of the body, based in one of New York, Washington or an agreeable Western European city, was speaking at its annual conference, at which ministers from around the world gather to wring their hands impotently about the most fashionable issue of the day. The organisation has sought to justify its almost completely fruitless existence by joining its many fellow talking-shops in highlighting whatever crisis has recently gained most coverage in the global media.“Governments around the world must come together to combat whatever this year’s worrying situation has turned out to be,” the director said. “It is not yet time to panic, but if it goes on much further without my institution gaining some credit for sounding off on the issue, we will be justified in labelling it a crisis.”The organisation, whose existence the White House barely acknowledges and to which hardly any member government intends to give more money or extra powers, has long been fighting a war of attrition against its own irrelevance. By making a big deal out of the fact that the world’s most salient topical issue will be placed on its agenda and then issuing a largely derivative annual report on the subject, it hopes to convey the entirely erroneous impression that it has any influence whatsoever on the situation.The intervention follows a resounding call to action in the communiqué of the Group of [number goes here] countries at their recent summit in a remote place no-one had previously heard of. The G[number goes here] meeting was preceded by the familiar interminable and inconclusive discussions about whether the G[number goes here] was sufficiently representative of the international community, or whether it should be expanded into a G[number plus 1, 2 or higher goes here] including China, India or any other scary emerging market country that attendees cared to name.The story was given further padding by a study from an ambulance-chasing Washington think-tank, which warned that it would continue to convene media conference calls until its quixotic and politically suicidal plan to ameliorate whatever crisis was gathering had been given respectful though substantially undeserved attention.
Ends
donderdag 24 juni 2010
Vraag aan Gene Callahan
Maybe a similar set of questions (which could be a blogpost on it's own?) There is the natural law tradition in libertarianism; which 'proves' libertarianism from natural rights. Obviously - I think - you disagree with that interpretation. But even if you are a communitarian (If I can characterize you like that; given the numerical references to Oakeshott; that doesn't seem to be totally of the mark); then still libertarianism should have (I think) a certain attraction, depending on how you judge the validity of 'analytical anarchism'. To be more precise; I'm personally convinced by the idea that there is something of a 'natural law', that is a priori, but that doesn't mean the rigid interpretation and application (e.g. Murray Rothbard, who I think was a better economist than 'libertarian', in 'the ethics of liberty') has to be the only one. The possibility of an 'anarchist' society, i.e. without the presence of a 'universal' organization who has the supreme authority in lots of cases, regulates, controles a great deal of help to the poor and the sick, etc. is very attractive to me, even on non-strict libertarian grounds. E.g. Rasmussen & Den Uyl their vision of a meaningful life on 'libertarian' grounds is very attractive to me. I usually advocate a 'free society' in terms of something like that (think also of Nozick's book part 3: utopia, with all the different communities and 'their' vision of 'the good'.) Even if one thinks one can have positive obligation towards a political group or community, that doesn't (imo) entail the 'state' as such, i.e. an organization with very high opt out costs, that (sort of) monopolizes within a territory and organizes and regulates a lot of things. Even if one thinks that one can have positive obligations similar to taxes, assistance to the poor, etc. that doesn't entail a state as such. (I believe one can have 'forced' redistribution even without a state; just look at other societies where there isn't something like a (modern) state and which does enforce redistribution through the legal institutions of that society. I think of the Xeer (in the book 'the law of the somaliis' is this explained in detail.) This all sort of requires that one doesn't 'believe' in the Hobbesian fear, which, I admit, I do not. I think societies can function without an overal organization that has sort of the legal right to interfere with a lòt of things, that 'normal' citizens can not. In principle; I don't have that much quarrel with 'I take your x to serve the immediate need of this person here and now', but this is most obviously _not_ the case with the welfare state - something I think you will admit too? In short: one can have meaningful communities and positive obligations without the need to defend a state as it exist to day. To be fair; I really don't believe in something like a 'minimal state'; I think De Jasay (I think) is really spot on when he says that this requires an (powerful) organization to limit his own existence and that this is very difficult and requires a véry, véry strong ideological awareness with the people; something that is unachievable. I also believe that the ideal 'anarcho-capitalist society' from Rothbard will 'fail' for the same reason; it requires a very (very likely, imo) strong ideological awareness. I, however, believe that 'anarchy' is a real possibility and this will have comparative more libertarian tendencies than the status quo. (Basically: the 'somali-argument': Somalia isn't perfect but anarchist somalia is better than statist somalia; you probably know the work of Leesson and Powell too?) I'm also one of those people that sort of thinks that the state has parasitic tendencies; maybe not as only organization, but there is something strange (and imo bad) on how it works. One can have meaningful communities and societies without it and that alone should (imo) attract people towards this idea. A lot of things - maybe not all clear: I'm sorry for that - but I hope it can sort of intrigue you in answering in full. :) So; I'm sort of, I think, challenging to give a more detailed explanation of your (positive) vision (and maybe comment on my interpretation.)
woensdag 23 juni 2010
Adam Smith en Muziek (?)
Abstract: Adam Smith often used musical and synchronous figures of speech to convey the notion of sympathy, as when our sentiments “keep time together.” In this way Smith explored social cooperation or “harmony.” Smith’s emphasis on synchrony in treating the social ecology of moral sentiments provides a theoretical touchstone for recent psychology experiments showing that synchronous experience conduces to cooperation. In this paper we report the results of a word search on Smith’s use of synchronous figures in The Theory of Moral Sentiments and explore the important places that synchronous language holds in his works. We relate these matters to the issue of the relationship between The Theory of Moral Sentiments and The Wealth of Nations, and to solidarity and group selection in evolution. Meanwhile, we note that Smith was well aware of society’s inherent disharmonies.
dinsdag 22 juni 2010
Rwanda heeft blijkbaar 92% gezondheidszorgverzekering
How might such a guarantee increase happiness? It could make people happier by reassuring them that they themselves will be healthier and more financially secure (self-interest), or that others will be (altruism). Yet altruism and self-interest probably cannot explain the “happiness benefits” that people enjoy when governments guarantee health insurance. As I have argued elsewhere, the jury is out on whether broad health insurance expansions like ObamaCare result in better overall health; they may, but it is entirely possible that they would not. The jury is also out on whether ObamaCare will produce a net increase in financial security. It will subsidize millions of low-income Americans, but it will also saddle them with high implicit taxes that could trap millions of them in poverty. Meanwhile, ObamaCare’s new taxes will reduce economic growth and destroy jobs. If such a guarantee doesn’t improve health or financial security, it’s not worth much in terms of altruism or self-interest.
Nuttige links
- economics in one lesson
- McCloskey's the bourgeois virtues
- The Road to Serfdom
- Economische groei, de environmentalisten, en Julian Simon (herinner u de weddenschap?)
- de economie van schaarse grondstoffen
- ontwikkelingshulp
- over Walmart
- Immigratie
- Myth of the Rational Voter
- common objections to capitalism
maandag 21 juni 2010
Privaat onderwijs van hoge kwaliteit in de sloppenwijken?
Wat was nu het resultaat van dit gratis onderwijs? Het eerste verrassende resultaat is dat er minder leerlingen naar school gingen na invoering van gratis onderwijs. De private scholen boden namelijk al gratis plekken aan leerlingen die dat nodig hadden. Het schoolgeld bedraagt ongeveer drie dollar per maand, maar met een laag inkomen kan dat toch nog veel zijn. Daarom waren er voor mensen met grote gezinnen en voor wezen gratis plaatsen. Kinderen werden niet aan hun lot overgelaten door deze private scholen. Het personeel in deze scholen werd geleid door een combinatie van commerciële en ideologische motieven. De werknemers van deze scholen werken daar om aan inkomsten te komen, maar ook omdat ze hart hebben voor kinderen. Degenen die geen hart voor de zaak hebben leveren slecht werk en worden ontslagen. Iets dat op de publieke scholen niet zal gebeuren door de stevige juridische bescherming die de docenten daar hebben.
zondag 20 juni 2010
Rarara
Food prices are up 41 percent in the last 12 months during a deep recession, government figures show
Economische vrijheid in de wereld
Inleiding
Vaak wordt er met veel bewondering gekeken naar de 'Scandinavische landen' inzake welvaart, vooruitgang en al die andere zaken die we zo wenselijk vinden. Dat heeft me aangezet tot een klein onderzoek op basis van de Heritage Foundation Economische Vrijheidsindex.
Hierbij moeten we wel het volgende zeggen; dezelfde mensen die positief zijn over de Scandinavische landen, zijn vaak dezelfde mensen die heel hard zeuren op het 'neoliberalisme' en dergelijke. Hierbij ontbreekt er echter vaak een constructieve definitie van het 'neoliberalisme'. Echter; indien we de werken van 2 voorname denkers inzake het 'neoliberalisme' bekijken, dan destilleer ik daar een volgende kenmerken uit. De 2 denkers zijn, natuurlijk, Milton Friedman en Friedrich Hayek; in hun respectievelijke werken Capitalism & Freedom & Free To Choose enerzijds en Road To Serfdom en A Constitution of Liberty anderzijds.
Het project van het 'neoliberalisme' kan je als volgt omschrijven: een scepticisme tegenover de staat inzake het creëren van welvaart, maar wel een principiële bereidheid om te aanvaarden dat de overheid zich bezig houdt met het herverdelen van middelen - waarbij er dan gehoopt wordt om een niet al te coercive, monopolistische manier, maar eerder op een manier die 'de markt' niet al te hard verstoort. We denken hier aan schoolvouchers, negatieve inkomensbelasting, hulp bij gezondheidszorg, etc. Kortom: de staat mag zich daar best mee bezighouden; gewoon, liefst, niet te veel. Maar in zake 'de markt' en 'marktwerking' is het redelijk categorisch beter dat er een vrije, competitieve markt is met investeringsmogelijkheden. We herinneren dat Hayek in zijn Road to Serfdom schreef dat het slecht is als de overheid de economie plant, maar dat zijn denkbeelden overeenkomstig uitgebreide sociale zekerheidsstelsels is.
De Heritage Foundation Index heeft 10 kenmerken; Business, Investment, Trade, Fiscal, Financial, Monetary en Laborfreedom en Property Rights Freedom from Corruption en Government Spending. In termen van het 'neoliberalisme'; zouden ze allemaal 'hoog' moeten scoren, behalve fiscal freedom en government spending. Deze 'mogen' hoog liggen (en dus de score laag) - liever niet 'te hoog' (dus de score niet te laag) - maar ze mogen hoog liggen (en dus de score laag); zolang de rest maar sowieso hoog scoort. Dit zorgt voor een klimaat waar mensen vrij kunnen investeren en welvaart creëren zonder te veel regels en controle; waarbij dan inderdaad een deel wordt afgeroomd voor (o.a.) sociale voorzieningen. Zoals ik een tijdje geleden heb beargumenteert in een presentatie; regulering is altijd nefaster dan belastingen. Regulering zorgt voor de onmogelijk om het 'anders' te doen, terwijl belastingen 'enkel' maar middelen nemen, maar wel de mogelijkheid houden om te kiezen waarop je het doet. (Daarom dat ik ook eerder voorstander ben van een publieke optie bij zaken, dan een regulering van de private sector.)
In het kader van dit; laten we eens kijken naar de top 25 landen van de Heritage Freedom Index; met hun score er telkens bij.
TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS of Hong Kong
98.7 | Business Freedom | avg 64.6 | 90.0 | Investment Freedom | avg 49.0 |
90.0 | Trade Freedom | avg. 74.2 | 90.0 | Financial Freedom | avg 48.5 |
93.0 | Fiscal Freedom | avg. 75.4 | 90.0 | Property Rights | avg 43.8 |
93.7 | Government Spending | avg. 65.0 | 81.0 | Fdm. from Corruption | avg 40.5 |
83.1 | Monetary Freedom | avg. 70.6 | 87.4 | Labor Freedom | avg 62.1 |
Totaal: 895 is de totale score
Totaal zonder FF en GS: 709
TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS of Singapore
98.2 | Business Freedom | avg 64.6 | 75.0 | Investment Freedom | avg 49.0 |
90.0 | Trade Freedom | avg. 74.2 | 50.0 | Financial Freedom | avg 48.5 |
90.7 | Fiscal Freedom | avg. 75.4 | 90.0 | Property Rights | avg 43.8 |
95.3 | Government Spending | avg. 65.0 | 92.0 | Fdm. from Corruption | avg 40.5 |
80.9 | Monetary Freedom | avg. 70.6 | 98.9 | Labor Freedom | avg 62.1 |
Totaal: 858
Totaal zonder FF en GS: 671
TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS of Australia
90.3 | Business Freedom | avg 64.6 | 80.0 | Investment Freedom | avg 49.0 |
85.1 | Trade Freedom | avg. 74.2 | 90.0 | Financial Freedom | avg 48.5 |
61.4 | Fiscal Freedom | avg. 75.4 | 90.0 | Property Rights | avg 43.8 |
64.9 | Government Spending | avg. 65.0 | 87.0 | Fdm. from Corruption | avg 40.5 |
82.7 | Monetary Freedom | avg. 70.6 | 94.9 | Labor Freedom | avg 62.1 |
Totaal: 823
Totaal zonder FF en GS: 698
TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS of New Zealand
99.9 | Business Freedom | avg 64.6 | 80.0 | Investment Freedom | avg 49.0 |
86.0 | Trade Freedom | avg. 74.2 | 80.0 | Financial Freedom | avg 48.5 |
63.6 | Fiscal Freedom | avg. 75.4 | 95.0 | Property Rights | avg 43.8 |
51.3 | Government Spending | avg. 65.0 | 93.0 | Fdm. from Corruption | avg 40.5 |
83.1 | Monetary Freedom | avg. 70.6 | 88.8 | Labor Freedom | avg 62.1 |
Totaal: 819
Totaal zonder FF en GS: 669
TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS of Ireland
92.8 | Business Freedom | avg 64.6 | 95.0 | Investment Freedom | avg 49.0 |
87.5 | Trade Freedom | avg. 74.2 | 80.0 | Financial Freedom | avg 48.5 |
71.1 | Fiscal Freedom | avg. 75.4 | 90.0 | Property Rights | avg 43.8 |
61.8 | Government Spending | avg. 65.0 | 77.0 | Fdm. from Corruption | avg 40.5 |
79.0 | Monetary Freedom | avg. 70.6 | 79.0 | Labor Freedom | avg 62.1 |
Totaal: 811
Totaal zonder FF en GS: 679
TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS of Switzerland
81.2 | Business Freedom | avg 64.6 | 80.0 | Investment Freedom | avg 49.0 |
90.0 | Trade Freedom | avg. 74.2 | 80.0 | Financial Freedom | avg 48.5 |
68.2 | Fiscal Freedom | avg. 75.4 | 90.0 | Property Rights | avg 43.8 |
68.9 | Government Spending | avg. 65.0 | 90.0 | Fdm. from Corruption | avg 40.5 |
81.3 | Monetary Freedom | avg. 70.6 | 81.8 | Labor Freedom | avg 62.1 |
Totaal: 809
Totaal zonder FF en GS: 673
TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS of Canada
96.5 | Business Freedom | avg 64.6 | 75.0 | Investment Freedom | avg 49.0 |
88.1 | Trade Freedom | avg. 74.2 | 80.0 | Financial Freedom | avg 48.5 |
76.7 | Fiscal Freedom | avg. 75.4 | 90.0 | Property Rights | avg 43.8 |
54.1 | Government Spending | avg. 65.0 | 87.0 | Fdm. from Corruption | avg 40.5 |
75.4 | Monetary Freedom | avg. 70.6 | 81.5 | Labor Freedom | avg 62.1 |
Totaal: 802
Totaal zonder FF en GS: 672
TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS of United States
91.3 | Business Freedom | avg 64.6 | 75.0 | Investment Freedom | avg 49.0 |
86.9 | Trade Freedom | avg. 74.2 | 70.0 | Financial Freedom | avg 48.5 |
67.5 | Fiscal Freedom | avg. 75.4 | 85.0 | Property Rights | avg 43.8 |
58.0 | Government Spending | avg. 65.0 | 73.0 | Fdm. from Corruption | avg 40.5 |
78.1 | Monetary Freedom | avg. 70.6 | 94.8 | Labor Freedom | avg 62.1 |
Totaal: 777
Totaal zonder FF en GS: 652
TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS of Denmark
97.9 | Business Freedom | avg 64.6 | 90.0 | Investment Freedom | avg 49.0 |
87.5 | Trade Freedom | avg. 74.2 | 90.0 | Financial Freedom | avg 48.5 |
35.9 | Fiscal Freedom | avg. 75.4 | 90.0 | Property Rights | avg 43.8 |
22.0 | Government Spending | avg. 65.0 | 93.0 | Fdm. from Corruption | avg 40.5 |
79.3 | Monetary Freedom | avg. 70.6 | 93.7 | Labor Freedom | avg 62.1 |
Totaal: 776
Totaal zonder FF en GS: 719
TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS of Chile
64.8 | Business Freedom | avg 64.6 | 80.0 | Investment Freedom | avg 49.0 |
88.0 | Trade Freedom | avg. 74.2 | 70.0 | Financial Freedom | avg 48.5 |
77.5 | Fiscal Freedom | avg. 75.4 | 85.0 | Property Rights | avg 43.8 |
89.6 | Government Spending | avg. 65.0 | 69.0 | Fdm. from Corruption | avg 40.5 |
73.0 | Monetary Freedom | avg. 70.6 | 75.4 | Labor Freedom | avg 62.1 |
Totaal: 770
Totaal zonder FF en GS: 604
TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS of United Kingdom
94.9 | Business Freedom | avg 64.6 | 90.0 | Investment Freedom | avg 49.0 |
87.5 | Trade Freedom | avg. 74.2 | 80.0 | Financial Freedom | avg 48.5 |
61.8 | Fiscal Freedom | avg. 75.4 | 85.0 | Property Rights | avg 43.8 |
41.9 | Government Spending | avg. 65.0 | 77.0 | Fdm. from Corruption | avg 40.5 |
73.7 | Monetary Freedom | avg. 70.6 | 72.8 | Labor Freedom | avg 62.1 |
Totaal: 760
Totaal zonder FF en GS: 658
TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS of Mauritius
82.2 | Business Freedom | avg 64.6 | 85.0 | Investment Freedom | avg 49.0 |
85.6 | Trade Freedom | avg. 74.2 | 70.0 | Financial Freedom | avg 48.5 |
92.5 | Fiscal Freedom | avg. 75.4 | 60.0 | Property Rights | avg 43.8 |
83.4 | Government Spending | avg. 65.0 | 55.0 | Fdm. from Corruption | avg 40.5 |
71.2 | Monetary Freedom | avg. 70.6 | 78.5 | Labor Freedom | avg 62.1 |
Totaal: 761
Totaal zonder FF en GS: 586
TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS of Bahrain
77.8 | Business Freedom | avg 64.6 | 65.0 | Investment Freedom | avg 49.0 |
82.9 | Trade Freedom | avg. 74.2 | 80.0 | Financial Freedom | avg 48.5 |
99.9 | Fiscal Freedom | avg. 75.4 | 60.0 | Property Rights | avg 43.8 |
80.8 | Government Spending | avg. 65.0 | 54.0 | Fdm. from Corruption | avg 40.5 |
73.4 | Monetary Freedom | avg. 70.6 | 89.4 | Labor Freedom | avg 62.1 |
Totaal: 759
Totaal zonder FF en GS: 580
TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS of Luxembourg
75.1 | Business Freedom | avg 64.6 | 95.0 | Investment Freedom | avg 49.0 |
87.5 | Trade Freedom | avg. 74.2 | 80.0 | Financial Freedom | avg 48.5 |
65.9 | Fiscal Freedom | avg. 75.4 | 90.0 | Property Rights | avg 43.8 |
58.5 | Government Spending | avg. 65.0 | 83.0 | Fdm. from Corruption | avg 40.5 |
78.9 | Monetary Freedom | avg. 70.6 | 40.4 | Labor Freedom | avg 62.1 |
Totaal: 751
Totaal zonder FF en GS: 628
TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS of The Netherlands
82.6 | Business Freedom | avg 64.6 | 90.0 | Investment Freedom | avg 49.0 |
87.5 | Trade Freedom | avg. 74.2 | 80.0 | Financial Freedom | avg 48.5 |
52.0 | Fiscal Freedom | avg. 75.4 | 90.0 | Property Rights | avg 43.8 |
38.4 | Government Spending | avg. 65.0 | 89.0 | Fdm. from Corruption | avg 40.5 |
81.0 | Monetary Freedom | avg. 70.6 | 59.1 | Labor Freedom | avg 62.1 |
Totaal: 748
Totaal zonder FF en GS: 658
TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS of Estonia
83.1 | Business Freedom | avg 64.6 | 90.0 | Investment Freedom | avg 49.0 |
87.5 | Trade Freedom | avg. 74.2 | 80.0 | Financial Freedom | avg 48.5 |
80.2 | Fiscal Freedom | avg. 75.4 | 80.0 | Property Rights | avg 43.8 |
62.2 | Government Spending | avg. 65.0 | 66.0 | Fdm. from Corruption | avg 40.5 |
71.1 | Monetary Freedom | avg. 70.6 | 47.0 | Labor Freedom | avg 62.1 |
Totaal 746
Totaal zonder FF en GS: 604:
TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS of Finland
95.0 | Business Freedom | avg 64.6 | 75.0 | Investment Freedom | avg 49.0 |
87.5 | Trade Freedom | avg. 74.2 | 80.0 | Financial Freedom | avg 48.5 |
65.4 | Fiscal Freedom | avg. 75.4 | 90.0 | Property Rights | avg 43.8 |
32.9 | Government Spending | avg. 65.0 | 90.0 | Fdm. from Corruption | avg 40.5 |
78.9 | Monetary Freedom | avg. 70.6 | 43.8 | Labor Freedom | avg 62.1 |
Totaal: 735
Totaal zonder GG en FF: 638
TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS of Iceland
93.0 | Business Freedom | avg 64.6 | 65.0 | Investment Freedom | avg 49.0 |
87.9 | Trade Freedom | avg. 74.2 | 60.0 | Financial Freedom | avg 48.5 |
75.4 | Fiscal Freedom | avg. 75.4 | 90.0 | Property Rights | avg 43.8 |
45.8 | Government Spending | avg. 65.0 | 89.0 | Fdm. from Corruption | avg 40.5 |
69.9 | Monetary Freedom | avg. 70.6 | 60.8 | Labor Freedom | avg 62.1 |
Totaal: 733
Totaal zonder FF en GS: 613
TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS of Japan
84.5 | Business Freedom | avg 64.6 | 60.0 | Investment Freedom | avg 49.0 |
82.4 | Trade Freedom | avg. 74.2 | 50.0 | Financial Freedom | avg 48.5 |
67.2 | Fiscal Freedom | avg. 75.4 | 80.0 | Property Rights | avg 43.8 |
61.1 | Government Spending | avg. 65.0 | 73.0 | Fdm. from Corruption | avg 40.5 |
88.8 | Monetary Freedom | avg. 70.6 | 82.4 | Labor Freedom | avg 62.1 |
Totaal: 727
Totaal zonder FF en GS: 599
TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS of Macau
60.0 | Business Freedom | avg 64.6 | 80.0 | Investment Freedom | avg 49.0 |
90.0 | Trade Freedom | avg. 74.2 | 70.0 | Financial Freedom | avg 48.5 |
77.8 | Fiscal Freedom | avg. 75.4 | 60.0 | Property Rights | avg 43.8 |
95.2 | Government Spending | avg. 65.0 | 54.0 | Fdm. from Corruption | avg 40.5 |
77.5 | Monetary Freedom | avg. 70.6 | 60.0 | Labor Freedom | avg 62.1 |
Totaal: 723
Totaal zonder FF en GS: 551 d Rank: 21
TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS of Sweden
95.5 | Business Freedom | avg 64.6 | 85.0 | Investment Freedom | avg 49.0 |
87.5 | Trade Freedom | avg. 74.2 | 80.0 | Financial Freedom | avg 48.5 |
36.7 | Fiscal Freedom | avg. 75.4 | 95.0 | Property Rights | avg 43.8 |
17.3 | Government Spending | avg. 65.0 | 93.0 | Fdm. from Corruption | avg 40.5 |
79.5 | Monetary Freedom | avg. 70.6 | 54.9 | Labor Freedom | avg 62.1 |
Totaal: 721
Totaal zonder FF en GS: 669
EN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS of Austria
73.6 | Business Freedom | avg 64.6 | 75.0 | Investment Freedom | avg 49.0 |
87.5 | Trade Freedom | avg. 74.2 | 70.0 | Financial Freedom | avg 48.5 |
51.2 | Fiscal Freedom | avg. 75.4 | 90.0 | Property Rights | avg 43.8 |
28.8 | Government Spending | avg. 65.0 | 81.0 | Fdm. from Corruption | avg 40.5 |
79.3 | Monetary Freedom | avg. 70.6 | 79.1 | Labor Freedom | avg 62.1 |
Totaal: 713
Totaal zonder FF en GS: 634
TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS of Germany
89.6 | Business Freedom | avg 64.6 | 85.0 | Investment Freedom | avg 49.0 |
87.5 | Trade Freedom | avg. 74.2 | 60.0 | Financial Freedom | avg 48.5 |
58.3 | Fiscal Freedom | avg. 75.4 | 90.0 | Property Rights | avg 43.8 |
41.4 | Government Spending | avg. 65.0 | 79.0 | Fdm. from Corruption | avg 40.5 |
79.9 | Monetary Freedom | avg. 70.6 | 39.9 | Labor Freedom | avg 62.1 |
Totaal: 707
Totaal zonder FF en GS: 608
TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOMS of Cyprus
80.3 | Business Freedom | avg 64.6 | 70.0 | Investment Freedom | avg 49.0 |
82.5 | Trade Freedom | avg. 74.2 | 70.0 | Financial Freedom | avg 48.5 |
72.7 | Fiscal Freedom | avg. 75.4 | 80.0 | Property Rights | avg 43.8 |
44.8 | Government Spending | avg. 65.0 | 64.0 | Fdm. from Corruption | avg 40.5 |
82.9 | Monetary Freedom | avg. 70.6 | 61.5 | Labor Freedom | avg 62.1 |
Totaal: 705
Totaal zonder FF en GS: 589
De 'normale' volgorde van de eerste 25 landen, is de volgende:
- Hong Kong
- Singapore
- Australie
- Nieuw zeeland
- Ierland
- Zwitserland
- Canada
- USA
- Denemarken
- Chili
- UK
- Mauritië
- Bahrein
- Luxemburg
- Nederland
- Estland
- Finland
- IJsland
- Japan
- Macau
- Zweden
- Oostenrijk
- Duitsland
- Cyprus
- Denemarken (719)
- Hong Kong (709)
- Australie (698)
- Ierland (679)
- Zwitserland (673)
- Canada (672)
- Singapore (671)
- Nieuw Zeeland (669)
- Zweden (669)
- Nederland (658)
- UK (658)
- USA (652)
- Finland (638)
- Oostenrijk (634)
- Luxemburg (628)
- IJsland (613)
- Duitsland (608)
- Chili (604)
- Estland (604)
- Japan (599)
- Cyprus (589)
- Mauritanië (586)
- Bahrein (580)
- Macau (551)
Een kleine analyse lijkt me wel interessant. Denemarken wordt het meest vrije land ter wereld, Zweden schiet van de 21ste plaats naar de 9de plaats; niet slecht. De USA zakt tot lager dan Nederland en Zweden. Mauritanië, Bahrein en Macau zakken naar de onderste regionen van de top 24.
Het is duidelijk dat het 'succesvol socialisme' van Denemarken en Zweden grotendeels gebaseerd is op economische vrije markten, i.e. de vrijheid om zaken te doen, te ondernemen, etc. Dat er daarbij hoge belastingen worden doorgevoerd is nadelig; maar de andere vrijheden compenseert dit (ten dele). De volgende keer dat mensen zeggen dat de USA het toppunt van liberalisme is en Zweden en Denemarken 'the way to go' zijn; dan kunnen de meeste liberalen zeggen; akkoord, maar dan wel met toch net iets lagere belastingen; akkoord?'
In ieder geval; 'k hoop dat deze post iets meer licht brengt op het economisch klimaat in die landen. Vragen? Opmerkingen?